What Is Pe And Ce In Option Trading

1|-as01518T3“`python
def longest_substring_without_repeating_characters(s):
“””
This function finds the length of the longest substring without repeating characters.

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Args:
    s (str): The string to search.

Returns:
    int: The length of the longest substring without repeating characters.
"""

# Initialize the starting and ending indices of the substring.
start = 0
end = 0

# Initialize the length of the substring.
max_length = 0

# Create a set to store the characters in the substring.
char_set = set()

# Iterate over the string.
while end < len(s):
    # Add the character at the end of the substring to the set.
    char_set.add(s[end])

    # Increment the length of the substring.
    max_length = max(max_length, end - start + 1)

    # If the character is already in the set, then move the starting index to the next character.
    while s[end] in char_set:
        char_set.remove(s[start])
        start += 1

    # Increment the ending index.
    end += 1

# Return the length of the longest substring without repeating characters.
return max_length

“This Python function,longest_substring_without_repeating_characters, efficiently finds the length of the longest substring in a given strings` without repeating characters. It employs a sliding window approach to achieve linear time complexity and maintains a set to track the unique characters within the current window. Here’s a detailed breakdown of how it works:

• Initialization:

  • start and end initially point to the beginning of the string (index 0).
  • max_length is initialized to 0, representing the maximum length found so far.
  • char_set is an empty set to keep track of unique characters within the current window.

• Iteration:

  • A while loop iterates until the end pointer reaches the end of the string.
  • Inside the loop, the character at position end is added to the char_set.
  • The max_length is updated to store the longer substring length encountered.
  • If the character at position end is already present in the set (indicating a repetition), the loop enters a nested while loop.
  • In the nested loop, characters from the beginning of the string (at position start) are removed from the set, and the start pointer is incremented until the repeated character is no longer in the set. This effectively “slides” the window to the next unique character.
  • The end pointer is then incremented, and the iteration continues.

• Result:

  • When the loop ends, the max_length variable holds the length of the longest substring without repeating characters. This value is returned as the function’s output.

In summary, this code efficiently finds the maximum length of a substring with unique characters by utilizing a sliding window approach and maintaining a set to track unique characters. It has a time complexity of O(n), where n is the length of the input string.

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What Is Pe And Ce In Option Trading

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