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Image: ajaib.co.id
* **Size:** One of the largest land mammals, weighing up to 14,000 pounds
* **Height:** 8-13 feet tall at the shoulder
* **Skin:** Gray, wrinkled, and covered in sparse hair
* **Trunk:** Long, muscular, and prehensile for various functions like breathing, drinking, smelling, and grabbing
* **Tusks:** Powerful ivory tusks, ranging in length from 2-10 feet
* **Ears:** Large, fan-shaped, and used for cooling and communication
* **Feet:** Columnar and five-toed, providing excellent support
**Behavior and Characteristics**
* **Social:** Highly social and live in large herds led by a matriarch
* **Intelligent:** Known for their advanced cognitive abilities and problem-solving skills
* **Memory:** Have excellent memory and can remember individuals and events for decades
* **Communication:** Use a wide range of vocalizations, body language, and trunk gestures to communicate
* **Interdependence:** Members of a herd cooperate and assist each other in various tasks like raising young and protecting the group
* **Diet:** Herbivores that consume a variety of plant material, including grasses, leaves, bark, and fruit
* **Gestation:** One of the longest gestation periods among mammals, ranging from 18-22 months
* **Average Lifespan:** 50-70 years in the wild
**Ecological Significance**
* **Landscaping:** Elephants play a vital role in shaping their habitats by creating clearings, removing obstacles, and dispersing seeds
* **Water Management:** Digging holes and creating water sources during dry seasons, benefiting other species
* **Ecosystem Services:** Promote biodiversity and nutrient cycling
* **Cultural and Symbolism:** Hold significant cultural and religious symbolism in many cultures around the world
**Threats**
* **Habitat Loss:** Deforestation and fragmentation are major threats to elephant populations
* **Poaching:** Ivory trade poses a serious risk, especially for African elephants
* **Human Conflict:** Interactions with humans over crops and resources can lead to conflict and deaths
* **Climate Change:** Alteration of habitats and availability of water due to climate change affects elephant populations
Image: www.trade-ideas.com
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